Synchronizing Sequencing Software to a Live Drummer

Copyright 2013 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. MIT allows authors to archive published versions of their articles after an embargo period. The article is available at

Delayed Decision-making in Real-time Beatbox Percussion Classification

This is an electronic version of an article published in Journal of New Music Research, 39(3), 203-213, 2010. doi:10.1080/09298215.2010.512979. Journal of New Music Research is available online at: www.tandfonline.com/openurl?genre=article&issn=1744-5027&volume=39&issue=3&spage=20

Exploitations agricoles familiales en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre

L'agriculture Africaine a évolué rapidement depuis une cinquantaine d'années, passant de l'autosubsistance familiale à l'intégration aux marchés. Cet ouvrage décrit les défis auxquels sont confrontés les agriculteurs d'Afrique de l'Ouest et Centrale, et aborde les thèmes de la mondialisation, de la disponibilité d'équipements et d'intrants, ainsi que du besoin de méthodes de gestion plus efficaces et d'un appui accru aux agriculteurs

Exploitations agricoles familiales en Afrique de l'Ouest et du Centre

L'agriculture Africaine a évolué rapidement depuis une cinquantaine d'années, passant de l'autosubsistance familiale à l'intégration aux marchés. Cet ouvrage décrit les défis auxquels sont confrontés les agriculteurs d'Afrique de l'Ouest et Centrale, et aborde les thèmes de la mondialisation, de la disponibilité d'équipements et d'intrants, ainsi que du besoin de méthodes de gestion plus efficaces et d'un appui accru aux agriculteurs

Estimation de l'erreur de phase d'une modulation QAM conjointement au décodage itératif d'un code bloc

Ce papier présente une nouvelle technique de synchronisation de systèmes exploitant des turbo-codes blocs. L'estimation de la phase repose sur l'exploitation de la valeur extrinsèque en sortie du décodeur pour estimer cet écart en phase conjointement au décodage itératif des symboles. Nous présentons plusieurs résultats montrant que l'algorithme proposé permet de poursuivre des décalages en fréquence, qu'il fonctionne pour des modulations QAM et qu'il fonctionne à faible rapport signal à bruit (RSB). Une comparaison de la variance de cet estimateur à la borne de Cramer-Rao vraie (CRB) et modifiée (MCRB) est également effectuée

Larvae of Alaus myops, A. oculatus, Chalcolepidius porcatus, Hemirhipus apicalis and generic larval characterization (Elateridae, Agrypninae, Hemirhipini)

Chapitre 5International audienceLe massif des Vosges est un massif montagneux où la densité de population est élevée et qui est fréquenté par de nombreux touristes du fait de fortes concentrations urbaines dans un rayon de quelques centaines de kilomètres. Au cours des dernières décennies, l’activité agricole y a fortement régressé en matière d’emplois. Pour autant, l’emprise de la forêt et des friches, en particulier dans le sud du massif, est contenue et, de ce fait, les paysages sont restés relativement ouverts, ce que les résidents et les touristes apprécient. Le maintien de cette ouverture des paysages est évidemment singulier. Le groupe des agronomes « Pays, paysans, paysages » en analyse ici les raisons

First insights into the phylogenetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Nepal

BACKGROUND: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in Nepal. Strain variation in Mycobacterium tuberculosis may influence the outcome of TB infection and disease. To date, the phylogenetic diversity of M. tuberculosis in Nepal is unknown. METHODS AND FINDINGS: We analyzed 261 M. tuberculosis isolates recovered from pulmonary TB patients recruited between August 2009 and August 2010 in Nepal. M. tuberculosis lineages were determined by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) typing and spoligotyping. Drug resistance was determined by sequencing the hot spot regions of the relevant target genes. Overall, 164 (62.8%) TB patients were new, and 97 (37.2%) were previously treated. Any drug resistance was detected in 50 (19.2%) isolates, and 16 (6.1%) were multidrug-resistant. The most frequent M. tuberculosis lineage was Lineage 3 (CAS/Delhi) with 106 isolates (40.6%), followed by Lineage 2 (East-Asian lineage, includes Beijing genotype) with 84 isolates (32.2%), Lineage 4 (Euro-American lineage) with 41 (15.7%) isolates, and Lineage 1 (Indo-Oceanic lineage) with 30 isolates (11.5%). Based on spoligotyping, we found 45 different spoligotyping patterns that were previously described. The Beijing (83 isolates, 31.8%) and CAS spoligotype (52, 19.9%) were the dominant spoligotypes. A total of 36 (13.8%) isolates could not be assigned to any known spoligotyping pattern. Lineage 2 was associated with female sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 2.58, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.42-4.67, p = 0.002), and any drug resistance (aOR 2.79; 95% CI 1.43-5.45; p = 0.002). We found no evidence for an association of Lineage 2 with age or BCG vaccination status. CONCLUSIONS: We found a large genetic diversity of M. tuberculosis in Nepal with representation of all four major lineages. Lineages 3 and 2 were dominating. Lineage 2 was associated with clinical characteristics. This study fills an important gap on the map of the M. tuberculosis genetic diversity in the Asian reg

Analysis of gene mutations associated with isoniazid, rifampicin and ethambutol resistance among Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates from Ethiopia

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>The emergence of drug resistance is one of the most important threats to tuberculosis control programs. This study was aimed to analyze the frequency of gene mutations associated with resistance to isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RMP) and ethambutol (EMB) among <it>Mycobacterium tuberculosis </it>isolates from Northwest Ethiopia, and to assess the performance of the GenoType^®MTBDRplus and GenoType^®MTBDRsl assays as compared to the BacT/ALERT 3D system.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Two hundred sixty <it>Mycobacterium tuberculosis </it>isolates from smear positive tuberculosis patients diagnosed between March 2009 and July 2009 were included in this study. Drug susceptibility tests were performed in the Institute of Medical Microbiology and Epidemiology of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Leipzig, Germany.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Of 260 isolates, mutations conferring resistance to INH, RMP, or EMB were detected in 35, 15, and 8 isolates, respectively, while multidrug resistance (MDR) was present in 13 of the isolates. Of 35 INH resistant strains, 33 had mutations in the <it>katG </it>gene at Ser315Thr 1 and two strains had mutation in the <it>inhA </it>gene at C15T. Among 15 RMP resistant isolates, 11 had <it>rpoB </it>gene mutation at Ser531Leu, one at His526Asp, and three strains had mutations only at the wild type probes. Of 8 EMB resistant strains, two had mutations in the <it>embB </it>gene at Met306Ile, one at Met306Val, and five strains had mutations only at the wild type probes. The GenoType^®MTBDRplus assay had a sensitivity of 92% and specificity of 99% for INH resistance, and 100% sensitivity and specificity to detect RMP resistance and MDR. The GenoType^®MTBDRsl assay had a sensitivity of 42% and specificity of 100% for EMB resistance.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The dominance of single gene mutations associated with the resistance to INH and RMP was observed in the codon 315 of the <it>katG </it>gene and codon 531 of the <it>rpoB </it>gene, respectively. The GenoType^®MTBDRplus assay is a sensitive and specific tool for diagnosis of resistance to INH, RMP and MDR. However, the GenoType^®MTBDRsl assay shows limitations in detecting resistance to EMB.</p